To the Thermodynamic Characteristics of Nanosystems: Bulk (Vacancy-Related) Effect
https://doi.org/10.1134/S2304487X20060115
Abstract
The problem of the reduction of thermodynamic potentials of a nanomaterial compared to a macromaterial because of a dimensional vacancy-related effect in an ensemble of nanoparticles has been solved. Various particle size distributions such as uniform, linear, exponential, and normal (Gaussian) distribution functions have been considered. The results have been applied to nanostructures based on indium and gold. The reduction of thermodynamic potentials for nanostructures with metallic particles compared to that for massive crystals has been shown to be more considerable for metals with a lower melting temperature since it makes the vacancy concentration higher. The larger the particles in an ensemble, the smaller the reduction of thermodynamic potentials in its absolute value, which is a direct consequence of a greater resemblance between the nanostructure and massive crystal of the same nature. Distribution functions corresponding to an increased number of ultrasmall particles and a decreased number of relatively large particles provide a greater reduction of thermodynamic potentials. It has been shown that the exponential distribution and linearly decreasing functions ensure the maximum and minimum reduction in its absolute value, respectively. The dispersion of a material in the form of nanoparticles is capable of promoting the chemical transformations with the energy barrier (per particle at 300 K) of ~10–18 and 10–8 J for indium and gold, respectively.
Supporting agencies: The work was started by the Honored Worker of Science and Technology of the Russian Federation, Dr. Sciences, Professor V. I. Vigdorovith (*1937–2018) and performed with partial (V. V. L. Ts.) financing of the Russian Science Foundation, project No. 18-16-00006
About the Authors
V. I. Vigdorovich
All-Russian Scientific Research Institute for the Use of Machinery and Oil Products in Agriculture
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
392022
Tambov
M. V. Vigdorowitsch
Angara GmbH
Germany
Germany
40599
Düsseldorf
L. E. Tsygankova
All-Russian Scientific Research Institute for the Use of Machinery and Oil Products in Agriculture; Tambov State University
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
392022
392000
Tambov
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Review
For citations:
Vigdorovich V.I., Vigdorowitsch M.V., Tsygankova L.E. To the Thermodynamic Characteristics of Nanosystems: Bulk (Vacancy-Related) Effect. Vestnik natsional'nogo issledovatel'skogo yadernogo universiteta "MIFI". 2020;9(6):493-510. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.1134/S2304487X20060115
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